Lecture 2 - 8/28: Chemical Components of Cells
Today's reading: Chapter 2 pp 60-73.
Reading for next lecture: Chapter 3 pp 77-94.
***PROBLEM SET 1*** These answers will be posted next week.
Key words:    pH and pKa
FOUR MAIN BUILDING BLOCKS:
        SUGARS (CARBOHYDRATES):  CO2+H2O+energy -> Cn(H2O)n+O2 (synthesis)
                                                 Cn(H2O)n+O2 -> CO2+H2O+energy (metabolism)
        source-mostly plants by photosynthesis and liver by gluconeogenesis
ISOMER and OPTICAL ISOMER
CONDENSATION <-> HYDROLYSIS
        FATTY ACIDS and PHOSPHOLIPIDS:  long hydrocarbon tail(s) [NON-POLAR] and 
                                                    carboxylic acid or ester head [POLAR]
        source-plants and animals make their own.  Some are exclusively made by plants.
SATURATED and UNSATURATED
MICELLE and BILAYER
        AMINO ACIDS:  H2N-CHR-COOH. Twenty naturally occurring, all are chiral (L).
                                Used for making proteins-the working elements of the cell.
        source?plants and animals make their own.  Some are exclusively made by plants.
MONOMER=SUBUNIT ->POLYMER=MACROMOLECULE
PEPTIDE BOND -> POLYPEPTIDE = PROTEIN
POLAR, NONPOLAR, ACIDIC amd BASIC SIDECHAINS
        NUCLEIC ACIDS:  Cyclic aromatic base, ribose sugar and phosphoester.
                                Used for information storage, energy storage, and molecular storage
        source-Non-essential, we make their own.
BASE:           adenine guanine cytosine        uracil          thymine
NUCLEOSIDE:     adenosine       guanosine       cytidine        uridine thymidine
NUCLEOTIDE:     ATP, ADP, AMP etc.
PYRIMIDINE and PURINE
RIBOSE and DEOXYRIBOSE